Author(s):
1. Maja Vuković, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Vladan Micic, Faculty of Technology - University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3. Nebojša Vasiljević, Faculty of Technology - University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction process and a comparative analysis of conventional (maceration, Soxhlet, shaker) and modern (ultrasound-assisted extraction) methods for the isolation of bioactive compounds, total (poly)phenols and carotenoids, from dried and ground orange peel. The research was conducted in two phases: a preliminary analysis and a main part based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. In the preliminary phase (14 samples), the effects of shaker agitation speed (60–180 rpm), solvent type (water, 64% and 96% ethanol, acetone, chloroform), and extraction type at room temperature were investigated. Preliminary results showed that 96% ethanol combined with a shaker speed of 120 rpm was the most suitable for (poly)phenol extraction, yielding the highest content of 18.31 mg GAE/g of sample, while the best result for carotenoids was achieved at the same shaker speed but using chloroform as the solvent, with a value of 142.08 mg/100 g of dry matter. Based on the optimized parameters, a shaker extraction method at 120 rpm was applied in the main part of the study (15 samples) to examine the effects of the solid–to–liquid ratio (1:30, 1:40, 1:50), ethanol content (32%, 64%, 96%), and extraction time (20, 40, 60 min). The best results in the main part for total (poly)phenols were recorded for sample 4N, amounting to 15.95 mg GAE/g of sample (1:50 ratio, 96% ethanol, 40 min time), while the best result for carotenoids was achieved for sample 12N with a value of 183.52 mg/100 g of dry matter (1:40 ratio, 96% ethanol, 60 min time). The results confirm that conventional shaker extraction, guided by the optimal parameters of the Box–Behnken design with the use of 96% ethanol, provides remarkably high efficiency in isolating the target compounds from orange peel.

Key words:
Keywords: Box–Behnken design,carotenoids,extraction optimization,orange peel,(poly)phenols.

Thematic field:
SYMPOSIUM D - Environmental and sustainable materials

Date of abstract submission:
17.07.2026.

Conference:
Contemporary Materials 2026 - Savremeni Materijali

Abstract