Author(s):
1. Janez Slapnik, VŠTP, Slovenia
2. Silvester Bolka, VŠTP, Slovenia
3. Rajko Bobovnik, VŠTP, Slovenia
4. Maja Mešl, VŠTP, Slovenia

Abstract:
We investigated the effect of two different types of impact modifiers, i.e. core-shell rubber and aliphatic polyester, on mechanical and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) filaments for 3D printing. First, PLA/impact modifier blends with various concentrations of impact modifiers were prepared by melt blending in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and test specimens by injection molding. The mechanical and thermal properties of blends were investigated by tensile test, bending test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Charpy impact test. It was found that core-shell rubber remarkably improved Charpy impact strength at loadings above 5 wt % (up to 746 %). As shown by DMA, the PLA/10 wt % core-shell rubber blend exhibited better damping performance as compared to neat PLA over the whole examined frequency range, especially at high frequencies, which explained the increase in impact strength. The filament for a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer was prepared from blend with the highest impact strength (PLA/10 wt % core-shell rubber), whereas PLA and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) filaments were used for reference. Test specimens were prepared by using consumer FDM 3D printer. The mechanical and thermal properties were investigated by tensile and bending tests, DMA, Charpy impact test, and ultra-fast differential dynamic calorimetry (Flash DSC). Specimens from PLA blend exhibited 109 % increase in Charpy impact strength as compared to neat PLA. In contrast to injection molded specimens, 3D printed PLA blend exhibited higher tensile E modulus than neat PLA, which was ascribed to improved interlayer adhesion. Moreover, DMA and Flash DSC analysis of 3D printed specimens showed an increase in the glass transition temperature as compared to injection molded samples. This phenomenon was ascribed to reduction of free volume because of slow cooling in 3D printing process, which also increased the tensile E modulus of the PLA blend. All tested PLA, PLA blend and ABS filaments were in amorphous state as shown by Flash DSC analysis. Bending test showed an increased toughness of PLA blend over neat PLA and also higher toughness as compared to ABS. The modified polylactide (PLA/10 wt % core-shell rubber) filament thus combines easy processability of PLA filament and impact toughness of ABS filament.

Key words:
Polylactide, Impact modification, Core-shell rubber, 3D printing, Fused deposition modeling

Thematic field:
SYMPOSIUM B - Biomaterials and nanomedicine

Date of abstract submission:
04.07.2016.

Conference:
Contemporary Materials 2016 - Savremeni Materijali