Author(s):
1. Fatima Živić, Fakultet inženjerskih nauka Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, Serbia
2. Strahinja Milenković, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia, Serbia
3. Nikola Kotorčević, Fakultet inženjerskih nauka, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Srbija, Serbia
4. Nenad Grujović, Fakultet inženjerskih nauka Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, Serbia

Abstract:
Green energy sources are essential for a sustainable future. Piezoelectric energy harvesting presents a promising approach to powering low-power electronics using ambient mechanical energy. Based on the reversible piezoelectric effect, mechanical stress induces electrical polarization, while applied electric fields cause mechanical deformation. This effect originates from non-centrosymmetric crystal structures that generate surface charges under strain. Energy conversion is governed by electromechanical constitutive equations, and materials used include natural crystals (e.g., quartz), ceramics (e.g., PZT, BaTiO₃), polymers (e.g., PVDF), and polymer-ceramic composites. Material selection critically affects electrical output, mechanical durability, and frequency response. This review focuses on key performance metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of a piezoelectric energy harvester, each reflecting a different aspect of its behavior and suitability for a given application. Key performance metrics include power output, conversion efficiency, resonant frequency, electromechanical coupling, mechanical quality factor, and fatigue resistance. A clear understanding of the underlying effects and these parameters is essential for optimizing efficient and reliable piezoelectric energy harvesters for sustainable applications.

Key words:
piezoelectric materials,energy harvesting,performance metrics,electromechanical constitutive equations.

Thematic field:
SYMPOSIUM A - Science of matter, condensed matter and physics of solid states

Date of abstract submission:
19.08.2025.

Conference:
Contemporary Materials 2025 - Savremeni Materijali

Applied paper from author