Author(s):
1. Saša Drljača, PFE Forests of Republic of Srpska; RDPC, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Zoran Stanivukovic, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract:
ABSTRACT In this paper we report the finding of the most significant factors of biotic and abiotic nature influencing the general health condition of species in the genus Pinus in artificially established stands on krast area of East Herzegovina. Research is conducted on seven sites in East Herzegovina. Sample plots, each 50x50m, were distributed on different elevations ranging between 314 and 1102 meters. Objects of the research on the sample plots were the following pine species: Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus silvestris L., Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus heldreichii Christ. In accordance with provisions of The International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) methodology, a degree of defoliation, degree of discoloration and degree of damage of Pinus species were found on separate sample plots. This research revealed 9 harmful types of fungi. Considering the importance and influence on health condition of Pinus species, the revealed pathogen diseases can be categorized into three groups: (+) types that occur in a small number and do not cause harm, 5 or 55.6% registered in total; (++) types that occur frequently, but their importance and intensity of pathogen influence are moderate, 2 or 22.2% registered in total; (+++) types that cause significant harm to artificially established pine stands, 2 or 22.2% out of the total number of the found pathogen species were identified on the examined sites. Seventeen types of class Insecta were identified on the object of research. Out of the total number of harmful insects types, 17.7% do not cause significant economic damage and have low frequency of occurrence, 29.4% are species which occur frequently and cause minor damage, while 52.2% of the types are prone to massive multiplication and cause great economic damage. Speaking of abiotic damage, the most significant is snow damage which occurs at 8.32% of trunks, as well as damage caused by hail. Applying the ICP Forests methodology, it was established that the sum of trunks showing some or no signs of defoliation is 87.59% out of the total number of trunks. The sum of trunks showing some or no discoloration is 87.68%. The degree of damage of Pinus species was calculated on the basis of degree of defoliation and discolorationis as follows: trees with no damage -79.95%, trees with slight damage- 9.70%, moderately damaged trees- 4.77%, severely damaged trees- 2.88%, dead trees- 2.70%. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the number of economically harmful organisms of biotic nature on the examined sites is insignificant. The results related to the degree of defoliation, degree of discoloration and degree of damage of Pinus species lead up to a conclusion that vitality and health condition of artificially established pine stands in East Herzegovina are at a satisfactory level.

Key words:
Health condition, pines, biotic and abiotic factors, defoliation, discoloration

Thematic field:
Forest protection

Date of abstract submission:
01.09.2017.

Conference:
Šumarska nauka u funkciji održivog razvoja šumarstva
25 godina šumarstva Republike Srpske